Bone & soft tissue

Primary bone tumours

Chondrosarcoma

A group of bone cancers that make cartilage. It is the second most common primary malignant bone tumour in adults and is treated mainly with surgery.

Primary bone tumours

Chordoma

A rare, slow-growing but locally aggressive bone tumour from leftover notochord tissue, usually at the skull base or sacrum.

Primary bone tumours

Ewing sarcoma

A highly malignant small round-cell tumour of bone and soft tissue in adolescents and young adults, defined by EWSR1 gene fusions, most often EWSR1::FLI1.

Primary bone tumours

Giant cell tumour of bone

A locally aggressive primary bone tumour with many giant cells. It usually arises near the end of a long bone in young adults.

Soft-tissue sarcomas

Leiomyosarcoma

A malignant tumour of smooth muscle. It can arise in the uterus, retroperitoneum, vessels, or the limbs.

Soft-tissue sarcomas

Liposarcoma

The most common soft-tissue sarcoma in adults. It arises from fat-forming mesenchymal cells and includes well-differentiated, dedifferentiated, myxoid, and other types.

Primary bone tumours

Osteosarcoma

Soft-tissue sarcomas

Soft-tissue sarcoma

A rare group of cancers that start in connective tissues such as muscle, fat, nerves, and fibrous tissue, rather than in organs lined by epithelium.

Soft-tissue sarcomas

Synovial sarcoma

A rare aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma of young adults. Despite the name, it does not start from joint lining. Most cases carry an SS18–SSX gene fusion.

Soft-tissue sarcomas

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

A high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma diagnosed when no specific line of differentiation can be shown. It was formerly called malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Childhood

Undifferentiated rhabdomyosarcoma

A rare aggressive sarcoma of skeletal-muscle lineage that lacks clear rhabdomyoblastic features. It is a diagnosis of exclusion among rhabdomyosarcomas.